City in eastern Tennessee that was the headquarters for the Manhattan
Project, the top-secret project during World War II to develop atomic weapons.
(Space Cadet)
Occam's Razor
(Also spelled Ockham's Razor; also called Law of Economy, or Law of
Parsimony) Principle espoused by William of Ockham (1285–1347?) that the
simplest explanation of an entity or event is to be preferred over more
complicated theories: Pluralitas non est ponenda sine necessitate,
"Plurality should not be posited without necessity."
(Tunnel in the Sky)
October Revolution
(October 24–25 [Old Style], 1917) Also called the Bolshevik Revolution;
the second phase of the Russian Revolution of 1917, in which the Bolshevik
Party seized power in Russia to found the Soviet regime.
(The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress)
The Odyssey
Epic poem, attributed to the ancient Greek poet Homer, about the 10-year
voyage of King Odysseus of Ithaca. Setting off for home at the end of the
Trojan War, Odysseus offends the god Poseidon, who causes a shipwreck and
throws other obstacles in Odysseus' path to prevent him from arriving home.
Surviving numerous perils from the monstrous Cyclops to the deadly lure of the
Sirens and the seductions of Circe, Odysseus arrives home to find his wife
Penelope besieged by suitors determined to force her to declare her husband
dead and take one of them as her husband (and thus the new king of Ithaca);
she, however, is determined to remain faithful and proctect the kingdom from
usurpers. Odysseus slays all the suitors and reclaims his wife and kingdom.
(Farnham's Freehold)
Oeroe
In Greek myth, a naiad (water nymph), daughter of the River Asopos. The
river Oeroe, a tributary of the Asopos River in Boeotia, Greece, is named for
her.
(The Red Planet)
Charles Kay Ogden
(1889–1957) British writer and linguist who originated Basic English, a
simplified system of the English language using only 850 words. The system was
intended as a uniform, standardized means of international communication. With
linguist I.A. Richards, he co-authored The Meaning of Meaning (1923),
formulating a theory of language based on modern psychological research. His
other books include Basic Vocabulary (1930), Basic English
(1930), and The System of Basic English (1934).
("Gulf")
Oklahoma
Constituent state of the United States of America, bordered by Kansas
(north), Missouri and Arkansas (east), and Texas (south and west); its
northwest corner abuts New Mexico. The capital is Oklahoma City. The word
Oklahoma is derived from two Choctaw words meaning "red people".
("Blowups Happen", I Will Fear No Evil)
"Old MacDonald Had a Farm"
Children's song in which each verse mentions an animal or other item on
the farm, and describes the sound it makes, for example
Old MacDonald had a farm, e-i-e-i-o
And on this farm he had a pig, e-i-e-i-o
With an oink, oink here and an oink, oink there
Here and oink, there an oink
Everywhere where an oink oink
Old MacDonald had a farm, e-i-e-i-o
(The Cat Who Walks Through Walls)
Olympia
Home of the ancient Olympic Games in southern Greece, located near the
western coast of the Peloponnese peninsula, 10 miles (16 km) inland from the
Ionian Sea, near the confluence of the Alpheus (Alfios) and Cladeus (Kladios)
rivers.
(Friday)
Omaha, Nebraska
Seat of Douglas County in eastern Nebraska, on the west bank of the
Missouri River opposite Council Bluffs, Iowa. It was founded in 1854, named
for a local native tribe. President Lincoln named it the capital of the
Nebraska territory, but the capital was moved to the city of Lincoln when
Nebraska became a state.
(Friday)
"Onward, Christian Soldiers"
Hymn composed by Sir Arthur Sullivan in 1871, for lyrics written by Sabine
Baring-Gould in 1864 based on Matthew 16:18.
(The Number of the Beast)
On Guerrilla Warfare
Book written by Chinese leader Mao Zedong in 1937, based on his
experiences fighting Japanese occupation of China. [Library of Congress call
number U240.M343]
(Farnham's Freehold)
Julius Robert Oppenheimer
U.S. theoretical physicist who was director of the Los Alamos laboratory
during development of the atomic bomb (1943–45), and director of the Institute
for Advanced Study at Princeton (1947–66).
("Delilah and the Space Rigger")
Orinoco River
South American river that flows for some 1,700 miles (2,740 km) from its
source in the Guiana Highlands along the border between Colombia and
Venezuela, then through Venezuela to the Atlantic Ocean on the northeast cost
of South America. The name is derived from Guarauno words meaning "a place to
paddle".
("Let There Be Light")
Orleans
City in north-central France, south-southwest of Paris on the banks of the
Loire River on the edge of the Beauce plain. It derives its name from the
Roman Aurelianum. During the reign of the emperor under Charlemagne, it became
an intellectual capital; and in the 10th and 11th centuries it was the most
important city in France after Paris.
Ormuzd
(Also spelled Ormazd or Ormizd) The modern Persian form of Ahura Mazda,
the Good Spirit of the Zoroastrian religion. In this dualistic religion, Ahura
Mazda is opposed to Ahriman, the spirit of darkness and evil.
(Time Enough for Love)
Osage
The Marais
des Cygnes River that rises near Eskridge, Kansas, becomes the Osage River
near Rich Hill, Missouri, and flows east into the Missouri River near
Jefferson City, Missouri. The Osage is named for the native tribe that lived
along its banks until the early 19th century.
(To Sail Beyond the Sunset)
Osaka
City in south-central Honshu, Japan, along Osaka Bay at the eastern end of
the Inland Sea, on the delta of the Yodo River. With nearby Kobe and Kyoto, it
is a center of the Keihanshin Industrial Zone.
(To Sail Beyond the Sunset)
Our Lady of Mercy
One of the titles and attributes of Mary, the mother of Jesus.
(I Will Fear No Evil)
Our Lady of Sorrows
One of the titles and attributes of Mary, the mother of Jesus.
(Job: A Comedy of Justice)
Ouroboros
In ancient Greece and Egypt, the representation of a serpent with its tail
in its mouth, continually devouring itself. The serpent symbolizes eternity,
the endless cycle of destruction and re-creation.
(To Sail Beyond the Sunset)
Outdoor Life
Magazine devoted to outdoor sports and recreation, particularly to hunting
and fishing. It was founded by J.A. McGuire in 1898.
(Farnham's Freehold)
"Over the Rainbow"
Song featured in the film version of The Wizard of
Oz. It became a signature tune for actress/singer Judy Garland, who
was Dorothy in the film.
(The Number of the Beast)
Oxford Book of English Verse
Anthology of English poetry, of which the first edition was published in
1900 by Sir Arthur Quiller-Couch. This edition included poems written from the
13th century through the 19th, including from colonial America and Ireland.
The book has been updated and reissued regularly. [Library of Congress call
number PR1175.O9]
(Farnham's Freehold)
University of Oxford
Institution of higher education at Oxford, Oxfordshire, England. Sketchy
evidence indicates that schools existed at Oxford by the early 12th century.
The university was well established by the end of that century, and was
chartered by the king in the 13th century. Oxford was modeled on the
University of Paris, with faculties of theology, law, medicine, and the
liberal arts. Oxford's curriculum was modernized in the 20th century, but it
retained its traditional organization of colleges as primarily defining
residences rather than curricula. The colleges include University (established
1249), Balliol (1263), Merton (1264), St. Edmund Hall (1278), Worcester
(1283), Exeter (1314), Oriel (1326), Queen's (1340), New (1379), Lincoln
(1427), All Souls (1438), Magdalen (1458), Brasenose (1509), Corpus Christi
(1517), Christ Church (1546), Trinity (1554–55), St. John's (1555), Jesus
(1571), Wadham (1612), Pembroke (1624), Keble (1868), Hertford (1874), Lady
Margaret Hall (1878), St. Anne's (1879), Somerville (1879), St. Hugh's (1886),
St. Hilda's (1893), Nuffield (1937), St. Peter's (1947), St. Antony's (1950),
St. Catherine's (1962), Linacre (1962), St. Cross (1965), Wolfson (1966), and
Green (1979).
The Heinlein
Society was founded by Virginia Heinlein on behalf of her husband, science
fiction author Robert Anson Heinlein, to "pay forward" the legacy of Robert A. Heinlein to future generations of "Heinlein's Children."